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    Nonlinear Income Inequality Effect on Software Piracy
    Seoung Joun Won, Jongick Jang
    Pages 213-243
  • Abstract ( Eng | Kor ) || PDF
    •    We examine the relationship between income inequality and software piracy rates in the presence of network effects. By the constructions of a theoretical framework, we are able to explain the relationship between income distributions and software piracy rates. Our research suggests that the proportion of the population having the positive net benefit of using pirated software increases with income inequality at a diminishing rate, and then eventually decreases. We provide empirical evidence for this inverted U-shaped relationship between income inequality and software piracy rates, while controlling for country-level income, judicial efficiency, individualism and the proportion of fixed broadband subscribers. Our theoretical and empirical results imply that lax anti-piracy policies would make software producers better off (i.e., higher software sales because of network effects) in countries whose income inequality is moderate, but worse off in countries whose income inequality is severe. Therefore, the anti-piracy government's policy and software company's strategy should be deliberately designed considering the non-linear effects of income inequality.
    • ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î ºÒ¹ýº¹Á¦ÇàÀ§¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼ÒµæºÒÆòµîÀÇ ºñ¼±ÇüÈ¿°ú
      ¿ø½ÂÀü, ÀåÁ¾ÀÍ


         º» ³í¹®Àº ³×Æ®¿öÅ© È¿°ú°¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì¿¡ ¼ÒµæºÒÆòµî°ú ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î ºÒ¹ýº¹Á¦ÇàÀ§ÀÇ °ü°è¸¦ ºÐ¼®ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î ÇÑ´Ù. ¼Òµæ¹èºÐ°ú ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î ºÒ¹ýº¹Á¦ÇàÀ§ÀÇ °ü°è¸¦ ¼³¸íÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ÀÌ·ÐÀûÀΠƲÀ» Á¦½ÃÇÏ°í ½ÇÁõºÐ¼®À» ½ÃµµÇÑ´Ù. ºÐ¼®°á°ú, ºÒ¹ý º¹Á¦µÈ ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÔÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇÏ¿© ¾ò°Ô µÇ´Â ¼øÆíÀÍÀÌ ¿µº¸´Ù Å©°Ô µÇ´Â Àα¸ÀÇ ºñÀ²Àº ¼ÒµæºÒÆòµîµµ°¡ ³ô¾ÆÁü¿¡ µû¶ó Áõ°¡ÇÏÁö¸¸ ±× Áõ°¡À²Àº ü°¨ÇÏ¿© ÀÏÁ¤ ¼öÁØÀÌ»óÀ¸·Î ³ô¾ÆÁö¸é °á±¹ °¨¼ÒÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù´Â Á¡ÀÌ Á¦½ÃµÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ºÐ¼®°á°ú´Â ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î ºÒ¹ýº¹Á¦ÇàÀ§¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ü´ëÇÑ ±ÔÁ¦Á¤Ã¥ÀÌ ¼ÒµæºÒÆòµîÁ¤µµ°¡ ½ÉÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº ³ª¶ó¿¡¼­´Â ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î »ý»ê±â¾÷µéÀÇ ÈÄ»ýÀ» Áõ°¡½ÃÅ°Áö¸¸ ¼ÒµæºÒÆòµîÁ¤µµ°¡ ¸Å¿ì ½ÉÇÑ ³ª¶ó¿¡¼­´Â ±× ¹Ý´ëÀÇ °á°ú¸¦ ÃÊ·¡ÇÑ´Ù´Â Á¡À» ¾Ï½ÃÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î ºÒ¹ýº¹Á¦ÇàÀ§¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤ºÎÀÇ Á¤Ã¥À̳ª ±â¾÷µéÀÇ Àü·«À» ¼ö¸³ÇÒ °æ¿ì¿¡ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¼ÒµæºÒÆòµîÀÇ ºñ¼±Çü È¿°ú¸¦ °í·ÁÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
    µÎ °¡Áö ÇÕ¸®¼º°ú ÀÚÀ¯ÁÖÀÇ: ÇÏÀÌ¿¡Å©¿Í ¹ö³í ½º¹Ì½º
    ȲÀçÈ«
    Pages 245-259
  • Abstract ( Eng | Kor ) || PDF
    • Two Forms of Rationality and Liberalism: Hayek and Vernon Smith
      Jaehong Hwang


         Vernon Smith makes use of Hayek's concept of two forms of rationality to obtain a larger vision of meaning in social and market behavior. However, there is big difference between Hayek's concept and Smith's. This difference is very closely connected with a inconsistency of Hayek's theory. Smith's interpretation reveals the inconsistency more clearly and weakens the grounds of liberalist's critique on social planning and intervention.
    •    ÀÌ ³í¹®ÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀº ±¸¼ºÀû ÇÕ¸®¼º°ú »ýÅÂÀû ÇÕ¸®¼ºÀ̶ó´Â µÎ °¡Áö ÇÕ¸®¼º °³³ä¿¡ °üÇÑ ÇÏÀÌ¿¡Å©¿Í ¹ö³í ½º¹Ì½ºÀÇ ³íÀǸ¦ ºñ±³ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¹ö³í ½º¹Ì½º´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ½ÇÇè°æÁ¦ÇÐ ¿¬±¸¸¦ Á¾ÇÕÇÔ¿¡ ÀÖ¾î ÇÏÀÌ¿¡Å©ÀÇ À̷еéÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸³ª ¾çÀÚÀÇ °³³ä¿¡´Â Áß¿äÇÑ Â÷ÀÌ°¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ÀÌ´Â ÇÏÀÌ¿¡Å© ÀÌ·Ð ÀüüÀÇ ÀÏ°ü¼º ¹®Á¦¿Í ¿¬°áµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ¹ö³í ½º¹Ì½ºÀÇ ÇÏÀÌ¿¡Å© Çؼ®À» µû¸¦ °æ¿ì ÇÏÀÌ¿¡Å© ÀÌ·ÐÀÇ ºñÀÏ°ü¼ºÀÌ º¸´Ù ºÐ¸íÇØÁö¸ç ÇÏÀÌ¿¡Å© À̷п¡ ±â¹ÝÇÑ ÚãÀÚÀ¯ÁÖÀÇ ºñÆÇÀÇ ±Ù°Å´Â ¾àÈ­µÈ´Ù.
    A Research on the Modifications of the Factor Content of Trade Model with Data Reconstruction
    Yeon Joon Kim
    Pages 261-289
  • Abstract ( Eng | Kor ) || PDF
    •    Some trade economists use the factor content of trade model to prove the Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek (HOV) model. The current empirical methodology known as the factor content of trade model is amain stream especially for the supply-side determinants of trade. A research by Davis and Weinstein (2001) is a forerunner regarding the factor content of trade model with twisting and turning the original HOV model. This paper studies the modified factor content of trade model by using new and amended methodologies. This paper modifies the original HOV model and the pair-wise HOV model by using different methodologies. And, when we construct our database, we use the data from the OECD IO, the OECD STAN, and the ISDB. By overcoming previous errors when we construct data, we can get solid database. These are contributions of this paper. The Sign test, using the pair-wise HOV model and assuming that all countries have the same technology as Germany's technology, has the best result. And, we have the best Slope test's result when we use the original HOV model assuming that technologies are the same as the US' technology with data of the US and European countries. We get the best result of the Variance ratio test when we use the pair-wise HOV model with the US' technology. By twisting and turning the original HOV model and the pair-wise HOV model with data reconstruction, we get better results than previous researches regarding the factor content of trade model.
    • µ¥ÀÌÅÍ À籸¼º°ú ¸ðµ¨ º¯°æÀ» ÅëÇÑ Factor Content of Trade ¸ðµ¨¿¡ °üÇÑ ¿¬±¸
      ±è¿¬ÁØ


         ±¹Á¦¹«¿ªÇÐÀÚµéÀº Çí¼Å-¿À¸°-¹Ù³Ø ¸ðµ¨À» Áõ¸íÇϴµ¥ Factor Content of Trade ¸ðÇüÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. Factor Content of Trade ¸ðÇüÀ» ÅëÇÑ ½ÇÁõºÐ¼® ¹æ¹ý·ÐÀº ¹«¿ªÀÇ °ø±Þ Ãø °áÁ¤¿äÀÎÀÇ ¿¬±¸¿¡ À־ ÁÖ·ùÀÌ´Ù. Davis¿Í WeinsteinÀÇ 2001³â ¿¬±¸´Â Factor Content of Trade ¸ðÇü ¿¬±¸¿¡ À־ ¼±±¸ÀÚÀû ¿¬±¸À̸ç À̵éÀÇ ¿¬±¸´Â ¿ø·¡ÀÇ Çí¼Å-¿À¸°-¹Ù³Ø ¸ðµ¨À» ¸î °¡Áö ¹æ¹ý·ÐÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇØ º¯°æ½ÃÄÑ ºÐ¼®ÇÑ´Ù. º» ¿¬±¸´Â OECD IO¿Í OECD STAN°ú ISDB µîÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇؼ­ »õ·Î¿î ¹æ¹ý·ÐÀ¸·Î º» ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­ ±¸ÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â »õ·Î¿î µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ °è»êÇÏ°í ±âÁ¸ ÀüÅëÀû HOV ¸ðµ¨°ú the pair-wise HOV ¸ðµ¨À» º¯°æ½ÃÄÑ Sign Å×½ºÆ®¿Í Slope Å×½ºÆ®¿Í Variance ratio Å×½ºÆ®¸¦ ½ÃÇàÇÏ¿© Davis¿ÍWeinstein(2001)ÀÇ ¿¬±¸¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇØ ±âÁ¸ ¿¬±¸ º¸´Ù ´õ ÁÁÀº °á·ÐÀ» ¾ò°íÀÚ ÇÔÀÌ ¸ñÀûÀÌ´Ù. Å×½ºÆ® ºÐ¼® °á°ú ¸ðµç ±¹°¡°¡ µ¶ÀÏ°ú µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ±â¼ú·ÂÀ» °¡Áø´Ù°í °¡Á¤ÇÏ°í ÀÏ°ö ±¹°¡¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© the pair-wise HOV¸ðµ¨À» »ç¿ëÇÒ °æ¿ì Sign Å×½ºÆ®¿¡¼­ °¡Àå ÁÁÀº °á°ú(1)¸¦ ¾ò¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ¹°·Ð Davis¿Í Weinstein(2001)ÀÇ ¿¬±¸ º¸´Ù ÁÁÀº °á·ÐÀÌ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ¿­ °³ÀÇ ±¹°¡¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ¸ðµç ±¹°¡°¡ ¹Ì±¹°ú µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ±â¼ú·ÂÀ» °¡Áø´Ù°í °¡Á¤ÇÏ°í ÀüÅëÀû HOV ¸ðµ¨À» »ç¿ëÇÒ °æ¿ì Slope Å×½ºÆ®¿¡¼­ °¡Àå ÁÁÀº °á°ú(0.089)¸¦ ¾ò¾ú´Ù. ¸ðµç ±¹°¡°¡ ¹Ì±¹°ú µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ±â¼ú·ÂÀ» °¡Áø´Ù°í °¡Á¤ÇÏ°í »õ·Î¿î µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© the pair-wise HOV ¸ðµ¨À» ºÐ¼®ÇÑ °æ¿ì Variance ratio Å×½ºÆ®¿¡¼­ °¡Àå ÁÁÀº °á·Ð(0.099)À» ¾ò¾ú´Ù. º» ¿¬±¸ °á°ú »õ·Î¿î µ¥ÀÌÅÍ¿Í ±âÁ¸ Factor Content of Trade ¸ðµ¨ÀÇ °¡Á¤µéÀ» º¯ÇüÇÏ¿© Å×½ºÆ® ÇÔÀ¸·Î ±âÁ¸ ¿¬±¸º¸´Ù ´õ ÁÁÀº °á°ú¸¦ ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °á·ÐÀ» µµÃâÇÏ¿´´Ù.
    ¹ÙÁ© III µµÀÔÀÌ ±ÝÀ¶±â°üÀÇ ÀÚ±âÀÚº»ºñÀ²¿¡ ¹ÌÄ¡´Â ¿µÇâ
    Á¤°æä, ±èÁÖö
    Pages 291-311
  • Abstract ( Eng | Kor ) || PDF
    • Effects of Basel III on Financial Institutions' Capital Adequacy Ratios
      Kyongchae Jung, Joocheol Kim


         We analyze the effects on financial institutions' capital adequacy ratios under the Basel III framework. Since the Basel III requires the improvement of the capital quality and the increase of the capital ratio, We predict the behavior of financial institutions under the Basel III. Also, we discuss the role of the so called leverage ratio, which is newly introduced under the Basel III, and investigate the circumstances which may be caused by the introduction of the leverage ratio. Finally, we consider the effect of the countercyclical buffer, which is expected to ease the procyclicality of the capital. Base on the above analysis, we then suggest the policies to solve the problems that might be occurred by the introduction of the Basel III.
    •    º» ¿¬±¸´Â ¹ÙÁ© IIIÀÇ ÁÖµÈ ³»¿ë ÁßÀÇ ÇϳªÀÎ ÀÚ±âÀÚº»ºñÀ² È®ÃæÀÌ ±ÝÀ¶±â°ü¿¡ ¹ÌÄ¡´Â ¿µÇâ¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ºÐ¼®ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÚ±âÀÚº»ÀÇ Áú Çâ»ó ¹× ÀÚ±âÀÚº» ºñÀ²ÀÇ »óÇâ Á¶Á¤ÀÌ ¿ä±¸µÉ ¶§ ¿¹»óµÇ´Â ±ÝÀ¶±â°üÀÇ ÇàŸ¦ ºÐ¼®ÇÔÀ¸·Î ¹ÙÁ© III µµÀÔ ½Ã ¿¹»óµÇ´Â ¹®Á¦Á¡ ¹× ÀÌÀÇ ÇØ°á¹æ¾ÈÀ» ¸ð»öÇÑ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ, »õ·Ó°Ô µµÀԵǴ ·¹¹ö¸®Áö ºñÀ²ÀÇ ¿ªÇÒ¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ³íÀÇÇÏ°í ÀÌ¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¹®Á¦°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â »óȲÀ» ºÐ¼®ÇÑ´Ù. ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î °æ±â¼øÀÀ¼º ¹®Á¦¸¦ ¿ÏÈ­½ÃÅ°±â À§ÇÏ¿© Á¦¾ÈµÈ ¹Ý°æ±â¼øÀÀ¼º ¹öÆÛ(countercyclical buffer)ÀÇ ¿ªÇÒÀ» °ËÅäÇÏ°í ÀÌÀÇ ¼º°øÀûÀÎ Á¤ÂøÀ» À§ÇÑ ½Ã»çÁ¡À» Á¦¾ÈÇÑ´Ù.
    °æÀïÀü·« ÀÌ·ÐÀ¸·Î¼­ÀÇ ±â¾÷ÀÌ·Ð: ¿ª·®±â¹Ý °üÁ¡°ú ÁøÈ­Àû °üÁ¡ÀÇ ÅëÇÕ
    Á¶ÇʱÔ
    Pages 313-344
  • Abstract ( Eng | Kor ) || PDF
    • The Theory of the Firm as the Competitive Strategy Theory: A Synthesis of Competence-based Perspective with Evolutionary Perspective
      Pil Kyoo Jo


         The competence-based theory should be incorporated into economics based on evolutionary perspective in order that economic theory can be said to be important in the field of the study of the competitive strategy of firm. The competence-based theory analyzes the competitive strategy of firm in the view of endogenous growth and the sustainable competitive advantage. And since the evolutionary theory of the firm regards firms as historical entities, it can explain heterogeneity among the firms and the learning process. That is, we can explain the process of the productive competences and the creation and the maintenance of the competitive advantages through the synthesis of competence-based perspective and evolutionary perspective. In this view the strategic challenge of firms can be understood as the balance between static and dynamic efficiency.
    •    °æÁ¦ÇÐÀÌ Àü·«¿¬±¸ ºÐ¾ß¿¡¼­ À¯ÀǹÌÇÑ ¿¬±¸ ¼º°ú¸¦ ¾ò±â À§Çؼ­´Â °æÁ¦ÇÐÀº ÁøÈ­ÁÖÀÇÀû °üÁ¡¿¡ ±âÃÊÇؼ­ ¿ª·®±â¹Ý ÀÌ·ÐÀÇ ¿¬±¸ ¼º°ú¸¦ ±â¾÷ÀÌ·ÐÀ¸·Î Àû±ØÀûÀ¸·Î Èí¼öÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. ¿ª·®±â¹Ý ÀÌ·ÐÀº ³»»ýÀû ¼ºÀå°ú Áö¼Ó°¡´ÉÇÑ °æÀï ¿ìÀ§¶ó´Â °üÁ¡¿¡¼­ ±â¾÷ÀÇ °æÀï Àü·«À» ºÐ¼®ÇÑ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ÁøÈ­Àû ±â¾÷ÀÌ·ÐÀº ±â¾÷À» ¿ª»çÀû ½Çü·Î °£ÁÖÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ±â¾÷ÀÇ ÀÌÁú¼º°ú ÇнÀ µ¿ÇÐÀ» ¼³¸íÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. Áï ¿ª·®±â¹Ý °üÁ¡°ú ÁøÈ­ÁÖÀÇÀû °üÁ¡ÀÇ ÅëÇÕÀ» ÅëÇؼ­ ±â¾÷ÀÌ·ÐÀº ÇÙ½É ¿ª·®ÀÇ ÃàÀû °úÁ¤°ú ±×¿¡ µû¸¥ °æÀï ¿ìÀ§ÀÇ Ã¢Ãâ ¹× À¯Áö °úÁ¤À» ÇظíÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·³À¸·Î½á ±â¾÷ÀÇ Àü·«Àû °úÁ¦´Â ´ÜÁö ÁÖ¾îÁø ÀÚ¿øÀ» ¹èÄ¡ÇÏ´Â ¹®Á¦¸¸ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ Á¶Á÷Àû ÇнÀ °úÁ¤À» ÅëÇؼ­ »õ·Î¿î ÀÚ¿øÀ» ÃàÀûÇÏ´Â, Áï Á¤ÅÂÀû È¿À²¼º°ú µ¿ÅÂÀû È¿À²¼º °£ÀÇ ±ÕÇüÀ̶ó´Â °üÁ¡¿¡¼­ ÀÌÇØµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.


The Korean Journal of Economics, Vol. 19, No. 2 (Autumn 2012)