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    UK Manufacturing Firms' Access to Trade Credit
    Simona Mateut, Paul Mizen
    Pages 259-294
  • Abstract ( Eng | Kor ) || PDF
    •    We use data from a large panel of UK manufacturing firm for the period 1990-1999, which allows us to separate a tight money period (1990-1992) from a loose money period (1993-1999) and show that the uptake of trade credit varies with the monetary cycle, increasing when interest rates are high and falling when rates fall. This offer indirect evidence in support of the bank lending channel. We discover that creditworthiness of firms reduces the use of trade credit. Also, access to the stock exchange or even to one of the alternative markets isolates firms from the impact of a monetary tightening. we conclude that trade credit is taken up by firms as s substitute for bank finance at the margin when they are credit constrained.
    • ¿µ±¹ Á¦Á¶±â¾÷ÀÇ ±â¾÷°£½Å¿ë¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¢±Ù
      Simona Mateut, Paul Mizen


         ¿ì¸®´Â 1990-1999³â »çÀÌÀÇ ¿µ±¹ Á¦Á¶±â¾÷ÀÇ ¸¹Àº ÆгηκÎÅÍ ÀڷḦ ¼öÁýÇÏ¿© ±ÝÀ¶±äÃà ±â°£ (1990-1992)°ú ±ÝÀ¶È®Àå ±â°£ (1993-1999)À» ºÐ¸®ÇÏ°í ±â¾÷°£½Å¿ëÀÇ ¼ö¿ëÀº ÀÌÀÚÀ²ÀÇ ³ôÀ» ¶§´Â Áõ°¡ÇÏ°í ÀÌÀÚÀ²ÀÌ ³·À»¶§´Â °¨¼ÒÇϸ鼭 ÅëÈ­ Áֱ⿡ µû¶ó º¯È­ÇÔÀ» º¸ÀÌ°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ÀºÇàÀÇ ´ëÃâ°æ·ÎÀÇ °£Á¢ÀûÀÎ ±Ù°Å¸¦ Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ±â¾÷ÀÇ ³ôÀº ½Å¿ëµµ°¡ ±â¾÷°£ ½Å¿ëÀÇ »ç¿ëÀ» °¨¼Ò½ÃÅ´À» º¸ÀÌ°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ, ÁÖ½Ä °Å·¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¢±ÙÀ̳ª ½ÉÁö¾î ´ëü ½ÃÀå¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¢±Ù¸¶Àú ±ÝÀ¶±äÃàÀÇ Ãæ°ÝÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ±â¾÷À» ºÐ¸®½ÃŲ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ±â¾÷ÀÌ ½Å¿ë Á¦¿ª¿¡ °É·ÁÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì ±â¾÷°£½Å¿ëÀ» ÀºÇà À¶ÀÚÀÇ ´ëü¼ö´ÜÀ¸·Î ÀνÄÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù°í °á·ÐÁö¾ú´Ù.
    Poverty Change in Tunisia
    Christophe Muller
    Pages 295-333
  • Abstract ( Eng | Kor ) || PDF
    •    In this paper, we present a poverty profiles for Tunisia in 1995 and we analyse how this profile has changed between 1990 and 1995. Using updated poverty lines based on the consumption of a reference group across different geographical strata, we find that poverty incidenc rose between 1990 and 1995, despite steady economic growth and the structual adjustment plan which started before nineties.
         The characteristics of the poor in 1995 are consistent with patterns found in other countries. Poverty is higher among households with: many members or many children, absent or unemployed heads, heads working in construction or agricultural fishing sectors. young or little educated heads.
         In Tunisia, the poor are more concentrated in the North-West, the Center-West and the South. Moreover, urban areas and their rural surroundings form a consistent poverty environment in each region.
         This geographical shift in poverty is accompanied by improvement in the large cities and worsening in the other urban areas and in rural areas. The proportion of the poor declined in rural areas. although is still twice as high as it is in urban areas. Finally, the cocentration of the poor across regions and activities have changed across the years. The poor in 1995 are more localized in the Center-West and peri-urban areas than in 1990. They are also increasingly concentrated in a few sectors: Agriculture-Fishing, Construction and Transport-Telecommunication, and less in services. Thus. while household heads involved in traditional activities remain and become poor, household heads in the expanding services. tourism and trade activities are more likely to escape poverty. This shift should be taken into account by anti-poverty policies.
    • Tunisia¿¡¼­ÀÇ ºó°ïÀÇ º¯È­
      Christophe Muller


         º» ³í¹®¿¡¼­´Â 1995³â Æ¢´ÏÁöÀÇ ºó°ï »óȲÀ» Á¦½ÃÇϸç 1990³â°ú 1995³â »çÀÌ¿¡ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ºó°ï»óȲÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô º¯ÇÏ¿´´ÂÁö ºÐ¼®ÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù. ¼­·Î ´Ù¸¥ Áö¸®Àû °èÃþ¿¡ µû¸¥ ÁØ°ÅÁý´ÜÀÇ ¼Òºñ¿¡ ±âÃÊÇÑ ÃֽŠºó°ï¼±À» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ¿ìÈ÷´Â Áö¼ÓÀûÀÎ °æÁ¦¼ºÀå°ú 90³â´ë ÀÌÀü¿¡ ½ÃÀÛÇÑ ±¸Á¶Á¶Á¤ Á¤Ã¥¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í 1990³â°ú 1995³â »çÀÌ¿¡ ºó°ïÀÌ Áõ°¡Çß´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ¹ß°ßÇß´Ù. Æ¢´ÏÁöÀÇ 1995³â ºó°ïÀÇ ¼º°ÝÀº ´Ù¸¥ ±¹°¡¿¡¼­ ¹ß°ßµÇ´Â ¾ç½Ä°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÑ´Ù. ºó°ïÀº °¡°è ±¸¼º¿øÀ̳ª ÀÚ½ÄÀÇ ¼ö°¡ ¸¹Àº °¡°èÀϼö·Ï, °¡ÀåÀÌ ºÎÀçÀ̰ųª ¹«Á÷ÀÎ °¡°èÀϼö·Ï, °¡ÀåÀÌ °Ç¼³¾÷À̳ª ³ó¼ö»ê ºÎ¹®¿¡¼­ ÀÏÇÏ´Â °¡°èÀϼö·Ï, °¡ÀåÀÌ Àþ°Å³ª ±³À°¼öÁØÀÌ ³·Àº °¡°èÀϼö·Ï Áõ°¡Çß´Ù. Æ¢Áö¿¡¼­´Â ºó°ïÀÌ ¼­ºÏ, Áß¼­, ³²ÂÊ Áö¹æ¿¡ ÁýÁߵǾú´Ù. ´õ¿íÀÌ °¢ Áö¹æÀÇ µµ½ÃÁö¿ª°ú ±× ºÎ±ÙÀÇ ³óÃÌ Áö¿ª¿¡¼­´Â ÀÏ°üµÇ°Ô ºó°î ȯ°æÀÌ Çü¼ºµÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ºó°ïÀÇ Áö¸®Àû º¯È­´Â ´ëµµ½ÃÀÇ ¿©°Ç°³¼±°ú ´Ù¸¥ µµ½Ã¡¤³óÃÌÁö¿ªÀÇ ¿©°Ç¾ÇÈ­¸¦ ¼ö¹ÝÇÏ¿´´Ù. ³óÃÌÁö¿ª¿¡¼­ÀÇ ºó¹ÎÀÇ ºñÀ²Àº ºñ·Ï ¿©ÀüÈ÷ µµ½ÃÁö¿ªº¸´Ù µÎ ¹è °¡·® ³ôÁö¸¸ °¨¼ÒÇÏ¿´´Ù. ³¡À¸·Î, 1990³â°ú 1995³â »çÀÌ¿¡ Áö¿ª¿¡ µû¸¥ ºó°ïÀÇ ÁýÁß°ú ±× ÇüÅ´ º¯È­ÇÏ¿´´Ù. 1995³âÀÇ ºó°ïÀº 1990³â¿¡ ºñÇØ Áß¼­, ±×¸®°í µµ½ÃÁö¿ª ºÎ±Ù¿¡ ´õ ÁýÁßÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×¸®°í ³ó¼ö»ê¾÷, °Ç¼³¾÷, ¼ö¼Û¾÷, ÀüÀÚÅë½Å ºÐ¾ß¿Í °°Àº ÀϺΠºÐ¾ß¿¡ ÁýÁߵǾú°í ¼­ºñ½º ºÐ¾ß¿¡´Â ºó°ïÀÌ Àû¾ú´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ °¡ÀåÀÌ ÀüÅëÀûÀÎ ºÐ¾ß¿¡ Á¾»çÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â °¡°è´Â °è¼Ó ºó°ïÇÏÁö¸¸ °¡ÀåÀÌ È®ÀåºÐ¾ß, °ü±¤, ¹«¿ª ºÐ¾ß¿¡ Á¾»çÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â °¡°è´Â ºó°ï¿¡¼­ ¹þ¾î³¯ °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ³ô´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ º¯È­´Â ºó°ïÅðÄ¡ Á¤Ã¥¿¡ ÀÇ°ÅÇÏ¿´´Ù°í º¸¾ÆÇá ÇÑ´Ù.
    Multiple Structural Breaks and Persistence of International Inflation
    Gawon Yoon
    Pages 335-349
  • Abstract ( Eng | Kor ) || PDF
    •    We show, in this paper, that the inflation rates from thirteen industrialized countries are very persistent and contain also a large number of structual breaks in their means. While the apparent long memory behaviour could be due to the presence of neglected occasional regime shifts, we still find that all the inflation rates are of long memory. even after allowing for various nonstationarities such as changing means.
    • ±¹Á¦¹°°¡»ó½Â·ü¿¡¼­ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â ±¸Á¶Àûº¯µ¿¼º°ú Ãæ°ÝÀÇ Áö¼Ó¼º°£ÀÇ °ü°èºÐ¼®
      À±°¡¿ø


         ÀÌ ³í¹®¿¡¼­ ¿ì¸®°¡ º¸¿©ÁÖ°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀº, ù° 13°³ÀÇ »ê¾÷È­µÈ ±¹°¡µéÀÇ ÀÎÇ÷¹À̼ÇÀ²ÀÌ »ó´çÇÑ long-memoryÀÇ ¼ºÁúÀ» °¡Áú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ°í, µÑ°´Â µ¿½Ã¿¡ Æò±Õ¿¡ ´Ù¼öÀÇ ±¸Á¶Àû º¯µ¿¼ºÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ µÑ »çÀÌÀÇ ±¸º°À» À§Çؼ­, Æí±ÕÀÇ ±¸Á¶Àû º¯µ¿¼ºÀ» °í·ÁÇÑ long-memory°ËÁ¤À» ÇÑ °á°ú ¹ß°ßµÈ »ç½ÇÀº ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ±¹°¡µé¿¡¼­ ÀÎÇ÷¹À̼ÇÀ²ÀÌ long-memoryÀÇ ¼ºÁúÀº °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
    Energy Efficiency in Urban Transport
    Eunkyung Kwon, James Leather
    Pages 351-392
  • Abstract ( Eng | Kor ) || PDF
    •    Transport is the largest ans fastest-growing energy user, with a forecast annual growth rate of 2.1% worldwide and 4.3% for East Asia and the Pacific over the period 2002 - 2030. The growing energy use by the transport sector generates a third of more of total greenhouse gas emissions in urban centers. The Asian Development Bank (ADB) is addressing the challenges posed by increasing energy use through (i) its energy, transport, and environmental projects and related capacity-building activities to support economic growth while safeguarding the environment; and (ii) the Clean Air Initiative for Asian Cities which promotes knowledge sharing on relevant challenges and solutinons. Additionally, ADB, with supplemetnary funding from the united kingdom Department for International Development and within the context of the 2005 Group of Eight (G8) Gleneagles¡¯ Action Plan on Climate Change, has also undertaken analytical work to contribute to the development of an overall investment framework to guide investment and address energy efficiency and climate change in the transport sector in Asia. This paper focuses on transport planning and policy instruments to reduce energy consumption, associated global emission, and tailpipe emissions from transport - a major contributor to the deteriorating air quality in Asian cities. The paper identifies four key areas on how ADB can assist its developing member countries in promoting energy efficiency and sustainability in transport, namely: (i) knowledge products, improved tools, and related capacity building (ii) support for developing appropriate frameworks at the national and city levels (iii) strengthened partnerships and common approaches among bilateral and multilateral agencies on a national basis; and (iv) targeted investment to promote leading practices.
    • µµ½Ã±³Åë½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼­ÀÇ ¿¡³ÊÁö È¿À²¼º
      ±ÇÀº°æ, James Leather


         ±³Åë¼ö´ÜÀº ¿¡³ÊÁö ¼Òºñ¿¡ À־ °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÏ°í ±Þ¼ÓÇÑ Áõ°¡¼¼¸¦ º¸ÀÌ´Â ¿ä¼ÒÀÌ´Ù. 2002-2030³â »çÀÌ¿¡ ¸Å³â Àü ¼¼°èÀûÀ¸·Î 2.1%, µ¿¾Æ½Ã¾Æ ¹× ÅÂÆò¾ç¿¡¼­´Â 4.3%ÀÇ Áõ°¡¼¼¸¦ º¸ÀÏ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿¹ÃøµÈ´Ù. ±³ÅëºÐ¾ß¿¡¼­ÀÇ ¿¡³ÊÁö »ç¿ë Áõ°¡´Â µµ½É ¿Â½Ç°¡½º ¹æÃâ·®ÀÇ 1/3 ÀÌ»óÀ» ¹ß»ý½ÃŲ´Ù. ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ °³¹ßÀºÇà(ADB)Àº (i) ȯ°æÀ» º¸Á¸Çϸ鼭 °æÁ¦¼º´çÀ» Áö¿øÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¿¡³ÊÁö, ±³Åë, ȯ°æ °èȹ»ç¾÷ ¹× ±×¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ ´É·Â °³¹ß È°µ¿ ±×¸®°í (ii) °ü·ÃµÈ µµÀü°úÁ¦¿Í ÇØ°áÃ¥¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Áö½Ä °øÀ¯¸¦ ÃËÁøÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ µµ½ÃµéÀÇ ¸¼Àº °ø±â ¹ßÀǾÈ(the Clean Air Initiative)À» ÅëÇØ ¿¡³ÊÁö ¼Òºñ Áõ°¡·Î ¾ß±âµÈ ´ç¸é°úÁ¦µéÀ» Á¦±âÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ADB´Â ¿µ±¹ ±¹Á¦°³¹ßºÎÀÇ º¸ÃæÀڱݰú, 2005 G8 ÀÇ ±âÈÄ º¯È­¿¡ ´ëóÇÏ´Â Gleneagles ½ÇÇà¹æ¾È (Gleneagles' Action Plan on Climate Change)ÀÇ ³»¿ë¿¡ µû¶ó ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ ±³ÅëºÐ¾ßÀÇ ¿¡³ÊÁö È¿À²¼º°ú ±âÈÄ º¯È­¸¦ ±â¼úÇÏ°í ÅõÀÚ¸¦ ÀεµÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ÀüüÀû ÅõÀÚ ±¸Á¶Æ² °³¹ß¿¡ ±â¿©ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ºÐ¼® ÀÛ¾÷¿¡ Âø¼öÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀÌ ³í¹®Àº ¿¡³ÊÁö ¼Òºñ ¹× °ü·ÃµÈ ¼¼°èÀû ¹æÃâÀ» °¨¼Ò½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±³Åë °èȹ°ú Á¤Ã¥µµ±¸µé, ±×¸®°í ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ µµ½ÃµéÀÇ °ø±â Áú ÈѼÕÀÇ ÁÖ¹üÀÎ ±³Åë¼ö´Ü ¹è±â°¡½º ¹æÃâ¿¡ ÃÊÁ¡À» ¸ÂÃß°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ³í¹®Àº ADB°¡ ¾î¶»°Ô °³¹ßµµ»ó ȸ¿ø±¹µé¿¡°Ô ±³Åë¼ö´Ü ¿¡³ÊÁö È¿À²¼º°ú Áö¼Ó°¡´É¼ºÀ» ÃËÁøÇϵµ·Ï À¯µµÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´ÂÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ³× °¡Áö ÁÖ¿ä ºÎºÐÀ» ¸í½ÃÇÑ´Ù. (i) Áö½Ä »êÃâ¹°, °³¼±µÈ °í±¸ ¹× ±×¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ ´É·Â°³¹ß (ii) ±¹°¡Àû¡¤µµ½ÃÀû Â÷¿ø¿¡¼­ ÀûÀýÇÑ ±¸Á¶Æ²À» °³¹ßÇÏ´Â µ¥¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Áö¿ø (iii) ±¹°¡Àû ±âÃÊ¿¡¼­ ¾çÀÚ°£ ȤÀº ´ÙÀÚ°£ ±â°üµéÀÇ °­È­µÈ Çù·Â°ü°è¿Í °øÅëµÈ Á¢±Ù¹ý ±×¸®°í (iv) ¼±µµÀû ½ÇÇàÀ» ÃËÁø½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÃÊÁ¡È­µÈ ÅõÀÚ°¡ ±×°ÍÀÌ´Ù.
    Optimal Foreasting Using Bivariate Recursive Structual VAR Model
    Yun-Yeong Kim
    Pages 393-407
  • Abstract ( Eng | Kor ) || PDF
    •    We suggest the optimal forecasting of bivariate vector autoregressive (VAR) process when one of predicted variable is available. A sufficient condition for this predictor to be more efficient than the forecasting just using reduced form is that the structural VAR (SVAR) model is recursive. As a test statistic to check the recursiveness of SVAR, we suggest the Hausman test. According to the simulation, suggested predictor improved the forecasting efficiency.
    • 2º¯¼ö ¼øÂ÷±¸Á¶ VAR ¸ðÇüÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ ÃÖÀû¿¹Ãø
      ±èÀ±¿µ


         º»°í´Â 2º¯¼ö VAR ¸ðÇü¿¡¼­ ¿¹Ãø´ë»óº¯¼ö Áß Çϳª°¡ ¹Ì¸® ¾Ë·ÁÁø °æ¿ìÀÇ ÃÖÀû¿¹Ãø¹æ¹ý¿¡ ´ëÇØ ³íÀÇÇÏ¿´´Ù. ƯÈ÷ ±¸Á¶ VAR ¸ðÇüÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ ¿¹ÃøÀÌ Ãà¾àÇü VAR ¸ðÇüÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ °æ¿ìº¸´Ù È¿À²ÀûÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÃæºÐÁ¶°ÇÀº ±¸Á¶ ¸ðÇüÀÌ ¼øÂ÷ÀûÀ̾î¾ß ÇÔÀ» º¸¿´´Ù. ¿©±â¼­ ±¸Á¶ VAR ¸ðÇüÀÇ ¼øÂ÷¼ºÀ» °ËÁõÇϱâ À§ÇÑ Åë°è·®À¸·Î º»°í´Â Hausman °ËÁ¤À» Á¦½ÃÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¸ðÀǽÇÇè¿¡ µû¸£¸é Á¦½ÃµÈ ¿¹Ãø¹æ¹ýÀº ¿¹Ãø È¿À²¼ºÀ» Á¦°í½ÃÅ´À» º¸¿´´Ù.
    ½ºÅåȦ¸§ ÇÐÆÄÀÇ °Å½Ã°æÁ¦Á¤Ã¥: ºò¼¿ ¹× <ÀϹÝÀÌ·Ð>°úÀÇ °ü·ÃÀ» Áß½ÉÀ¸·Î
    ¹ÚÁ¾Çö
    Pages 409-435
  • Abstract ( Eng | Kor ) || PDF
    • The Macroeconomic Policies of Stockholm School: Focusing their Connection with Wicksell and General Theory
      Jong-Hyun Park


         Wicksell developed new macroeconomic theory which explained the changes in price level through the comparison of natural rate of interest rate and money rate of interest. Stockholm School succeeded Wicksell¡¯s position whhich stressed output as a whole and they accomplished theoretical innovation that emphasized the role of expectation in the dynamics process. Stockholm school helped Swedish economy to recover from recession through their advice of expansionary fiscal policy based on budget deficit and contributed the development in macroeconomics by making analytical system that are similar to General Theory. However, we should examined the role of Wigforess who became later finance minister and the connection between Stockholm School and Keynes' early writings in order to assess properly their contribution.
    •    °æÁ¦ÇÐÀÚ¿Í Á¤Ä¡Ã¶ÇÐÀÚµéÀÇ »ç»óÀº, ±×°ÍÀÌ ¿Çµç ±×¸£µç °£¿¡ ÈçÈ÷ »ý°¢µÇ´Â °Íº¸´Ù ÈξÀ °­·ÂÇÏ´Ù. ½ÇÁ¦·Î À̺¸´Ù ¼¼°Ô¸¦ ´õ Áö¹èÈå´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ¸¶µµ ÈçÄ¡ ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¾î¶°ÇÑ ÁöÀûÀÎ ¿µÇâÀ¸·ÎºÎÅ͵µ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ÀÚÀ¯·Ó´Ù°í ¹Ï´Â ½Ç¸®Àû Àΰ£ ¶Ç¶õ Á×Àº °æÁ¦ÇÐÀÚÀÇ ³ë¿¡ÀÎ °æ¿ì°¡ ¸¹´Ù. ±ÇÁ¿¡ ¾É¾Æ Çã°ø¿¡¼­ °è½Ã¸¦ µè´Â´Ù´Â ±¤Àε鵵 ¼ö³âÀüÀÇ ¾î¶² Çб¸ÀûÀÎ Àâ¹®À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ±×µéÀÇ ¸Á»óÀ» ²ø¾î³»°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù(Keynes 1964, 383).


The Korean Journal of Economics, Vol. 14, No. 2 (Autumn 2007)