Çѱ¹°æÁ¦Çк¸ Á¦ 16±Ç, Á¦ 1È£ (2009³â º½)
Yunmi Kim
Pages 3-22
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Abstract ( Eng | Kor ) || PDF
- The U.S economy encountered a new period of volatility reduction since the mid-1980s. The reduced volatility in the U.S business cycle has been explained in two ways: the change in the structure of the U.S economy (propagation mechanism) and the volatility reduction of exogenous disturbances (good luck). Based on a structual VAR, we get two findings. First, while the changes in the propagation mechanism played a major role for inflation stabilization, output stabilization in maily explained by the reduced shock variance. Second. although the reudced AS shock variance seeems to be the most important factor of outpur stabilization, we should not undervalue the role of reduced AD shock variances, especially IS shock variance.
- ¹Ì±¹ °Å½Ã°æÁ¦º¯¼öµéÀÇ º¯µ¿¼º °¨¼Ò: Structural VAR ¸ðÇüÀ» ÅëÇÑ ¿øÀÎ ºÐ¼®
±èÀ±¹Ì
º»°í´Â 1980³â´ë Áß¹Ý ÀÌÈÄ¿¡ º¸¿©Áö´Â ¹Ì±¹ °Å½Ã°æÁ¦ º¯¼öµéÀÇ º¯µ¿¼º °¨¼Ò¸¦ »ìÆ캸°í ÀÖ´Ù. Structual VAR ¸ðÇüÀ» ±â¹ÝÀ¸·Î ÇÑ counterfactual ±â¹ýÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿©, º¯µ¿¼º °¨¼Ò°¡ ÆÄ»ý°æ·ÎÀÇ º¯È¿¡ ±âÀÎÇÏ´ÂÁö. ±¸Á¶Àû Ãæ°ÝÀÇ º¯µ¿¼º °¨¼Ò¿¡ ±âÀÎÇÏ´ÂÁöÀÇ ¿©ºÎ¸¦ ºÐ¼®ÇÑ´Ù. ±× °á°ú, ÀÎÇ÷¹À̼ÇÀÇ º¯µ¿¼º °¨¼Ò´Â ÁÖ·Î ÆÄ»ý°æ·ÎÀÇ º¯È·Î ¼³¸íµÇ´Â ¹Ý¸é, GDP¼ºÀå·üÀÇ º¯µ¿¼º °¨¼Ò´Â ÁÖ·Î ±¸Á¶Àû Ãæ°ÝÀÇ º¯µ¿¼º °¨¼Ò·Î ¼³¸íµÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ½À» º¸ÀÌ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
Backhoon Song
Pages 23-40
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Abstract ( Eng | Kor ) || PDF
- Most research on estimationg dynamic optimal choice model has been using conventional econometric methods such as Maximum Likelihood (ML) Method and Generalized Method of Moment (GMM). It is well known that when the model has many state variables, the estimation becomes difficult due to the well-known "curse of Dimensionality". In this paper, we applied a new estimation technique that is based on the Bayesian estimation to confront this issue. To show the effectiveness of the Bayesian dynamic programming etstimation algorithm, we first simulate the model fo entry and exit in the export market. and then estimate back the parameters of the model based on simulated data, It enables us to solve the dynamic programming problem and estimate the parameters simultaneously instead of sequentially. This new method makes the computational burden fo estimating the dynamic programming model on the same order of magnitude as those of estimating static model. We estimated a simple model of entry and exit behavior in the export market. We used the Bayesian dynamic programming method suggested by Imai, Jain, and Ching (2001) and successfully estimate back the true parameter from the simulated data.
- ¼öÃâ½ÃÀå ÁøÃâÀÔÀÇ ±¸Á¶ºÐ¼®: º£ÀÌÁö¾ð ¸ðÇü Àû¿ë
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µ¿ÅÂÀû ÀûÁ¤¼±ÅøðÇü¿¡ °üÇÑ ¿¬±¸°¡ ÃÖºó¿ìµµ¹ý(ML) ¹× ÀϹÝÈÀû·ü¹ý(GMM)µî ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ °è·®°æÁ¦ÇÐÀû Á¢±Ù¹ý¿¡ ±âÃÊÇÑ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, »óź¯¼ö°¡ ¸¹¾ÆÁú¼ö·Ï ÀÌ¿Í °°Àº °è·®ÃßÁ¤¹ýÀº ±Ô¸ðÀÇ ÀúÁÖ(Curse of Dimensionality)·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁø ¹®Á¦¿¡ Á÷¸éÇÑ´Ù. º» °í¿¡¼´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹®Á¦¸¦ ÇØ°áÇϱâ À§ÇÑ º£ÀÌÁö¾ð ÃßÁ¤¿¡ ±âÃÊÇÑ »õ·Î¿î ÃßÁ¤±â¼úÀ» Àû¿ëÇÑ´Ù. º£ÀÌÁö¾ð µ¿ÅÂÇÁ·Î±×·¡¹Ö ÃßÁ¤¹ýÀÇ È¿À²¼ºÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ±â À§ÇÏ¿©, ¸ÕÀú ¼öÃâ½ÃÀå¿¡¼ÀÇ ÁøÃâÀÔ¸ðÇüÀ» ½Ã¹Ä·¹À̼ÇÇÑ´Ù. ±× ÀÌÈÄ, ½Ã¹Ä·¹ÀÌ¼Ç µ¥ÀÌÅÍ¿¡ ±âÃÊÇÏ¿© ¸ðÇüÀÇ º¯¼ö¸¦ ÀçÃßÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù. º» ÃßÁ¤¹ýÀº ±Ô¸ðÀÇ ÀúÁÖ ¹®Á¦¸¦ ÇØ°áÇÏ¸é¼ µ¿Å ÇÁ·Î±×·¡¹Ö ¹®Á¦¸¦ Ãâ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇØÁÖ¸ç, ´Ü°èº° ÃßÁ¤ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ µ¿½Ã ÃßÁ¤À» °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ÇØÁØ´Ù.
Jaiho Chung
Pages 41-58
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Abstract ( Eng | Kor ) || PDF
- Grossman and Helpman (1991b)'s product cycle model focuses on the analysis of only the steady state (wide gap and narrow gap equilibrium) mainly due to analytical intractability of the model and thus cannot explain the dynamic change in the wage gap between the North and the South. We develop a two-period version of Grossman and Helpman (1991b) and show that wage convergence between the North and the South takes place in our model, which is consistent with stylized facts. Our model also carries the following policy implications: 1) the subsidy on imitation in the South is effective in promoting imitation in the wide gap case while the effect is ambiguous in the narrow gap case; 2) the production subsidy is not an effective policy tool to enhance the level of imitation.
- ³²ºÏ¹«¿ª°ú Á¤ºÎÁ¤Ã¥ÀÌ Çõ½Å°ú ¸ð¹æ¿¡ ¹ÌÄ¡´Â È¿°ú
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Grossman and Helpman (1991b)ÀÇ »óÇ°ÁÖ±â¸ðÇüÀº ¸ðÇüÀÇ º¹À⼺ ¶§¹®¿¡ steady state (Å« ÀӱݰÝÂ÷ÀÇ steady state¿Í ÀÛÀº ÀӱݰÝÂ÷ÀÇ steady state)ÀÇ ºÐ¼®¿¡¸¸ ÃÊÁ¡À» ¸ÂÃß¾î¼ ³²ºÏ°£ ÀӱݰÝÂ÷ÀÇ µ¿ÅÂÀûÀÎ º¯È¸¦ ¼³¸íÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. º» ³í¹®Àº Grossman and Helpman (1991b) ¸ðÇüÀ» 2±â ¹öÀüÀ¸·Î ´Ü¼øÈÇÏ¿© ³²ºÏ°£ÀÇ ÀÓ±ÝÀÌ ½Ã°£ÀÌ Áö³²¿¡ µû¶ó ¼ö·ÅÇÔÀ» º¸ÀδÙ. ´Ü¼øÈµÈ 2±â ¸ðÇüÀÇ ÁÖ¿äÇÑ Á¤Ã¥Àû ÇÔÀÇ´Â: 1) °³µµ±¹ Á¤ºÎÀÇ ¸ð¹æ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ º¸Á¶±ÝÀº ³²ºÏ°£ ÀӱݰÝÂ÷°¡ Å« °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ¸ð¹æÀ» Áõ°¡½ÃÅ°´Âµ¥ È¿°úÀûÀÌ¸ç ³²ºÏ°£ ÀӱݰÝÂ÷°¡ ÀÛÀº °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ±× È¿°ú°¡ ºÒÈ®½ÇÇÏ´Ù. 2) °³µµ±¹ Á¤ºÎÀÇ »ý»êº¸Á¶±ÝÀº ¸ð¹æÀ» Áõ°¡½ÃÅ°´Âµ¥ ¾Æ¹«·± È¿°ú°¡ ¾ø´Ù.
ÇÑÇö¿Á
Pages 59-94
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Abstract ( Eng | Kor ) || PDF
- How to Assess the Effects of the Bundling Rebates Offered by a Dominant Firm on Competition: 3M Case
Hyun-Ok Han
Since it is ruled that 3M has violated Sherman Act by offering bundling rebates. it has caused many debates on how to assess the effects of the bundling rebates on competition and how to distinguish legitimate competition practices from exclusionary practices. Rebates are commonly used as competition practices and benefit consumers by lowering price. Even though competition policy has purported to maxmize consumer welfare by advocating competition. prohibiting rebates could end up protecting inefficient competitors instead of competition by chilling aggressive price competition. It is, therefore, very important to assess the pro-competitive and anti-competitive effects of loyalty rebates based on facts and data available in each case. It requires rich and strong economic theroretical studies on the economic effects of loyalty rebates (including bundling rebates), but existing economic literature on loyalty rebates is not enough yet. More research on loyalty rebates should be done and economic theory could provide strong foundation for implementing competition policy on the abuse of dominant firm such as loyalty rebates in the future.
- ÃÖ±Ù ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼ 3MÀÌ ¹À½ ¸®º£ÀÌÆ®¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© Àú°¡ºê·£µåÁ¦Ç°ÀÇ È®´ë¸¦ ¸·°í ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Áö¹è·ÂÀ» À¯ÁöÇÏ°íÀÚ Çß´Ù´Â ÆÇ°áÀÌ ³»·ÁÁø ÀÌÈÄ Áö¹èÀû ±â¾÷ÀÇ ·Î¿Æ¼ ¸®º£ÀÌÆ®(loyalty rebates) Á¦°øÀÇ °æÀïÁ¦ÇѼº ¿©ºÎ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³íÀïÀÎ È°¹ßÇÏ´Ù. ¸®º£ÀÌÆ® Á¦°øÀº ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ³·Àº °¡°ÝÀ» ÀǹÌÇÏ°í °æÀï°úÁ¤¿¡¼ ³ªÅ¸³¯ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °¡°ÝÁ¤Ã¥À̹ǷΠÁö¹èÀû ±â¾÷À̶ó´Â ÀÌÀ¯·Î ¸®º£ÀÌÆ® Á¦°øÀ» À§¹ýȶó´Â °ÍÀº °æÀï°úÁ¤ÀÌ Á¦¾àÀ» ¹Ú°í ¼ÒºñÀÚ ÈÄ»ýÀÌ °¨¼ÒµÇ´Â È¿°ú°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â ¿ì·Á°¡ Á¦±âµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ƯÈ÷3MÀÇ ÆÇ°á¿¡¼ °æÀïÁ¦ÇѼº ±âÁØÀ» Á¦´ë·Î Á¦½ÃÇÏÁö ¸øÇØ Áö¹èÀû ±â¾÷ÀÌ ÇàÇÏ´Â Á¤»óÀûÀÎ ÇàÀ§¿Í °æÀïÁ¦ÇÑÀûÀÎ ÇàÀ§¸¦ ±¸ºÐÇϱ⠾î·Æ°Ô µÇ¾î ±× °á°ú È°¹ßÇÑ °æÀïÀ» ÀúÇØÇÏ¿© °æÀï¹ýÀÌ ÁöÇâÇÏ´Â °æÀïÃË¡°ú »ó¹ÝµÇ´Â °á°ú¸¦ ÃÊ·¡ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â ºñÆÇÀ» ¹Þ°í ÀÖ´Ù. »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ·Î¿Æ¼ ¸®º£ÀÌÆ®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °æÁ¦ÀÌ·ÐÀÌ ÃæºÐÇÏ°Ô Á¤¸³µÇ¾î ÀÖÁö ¸øÇØ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °æÀïÁ¦ÇѼº ³í¶õÀ» ´õ¿í °¡Áß½ÃÅ°°í ÀÖ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ ·Î¿Æ¼ ¸®º£ÀÌÆ®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´õ¿í È°¹ßÇÑ ¹ýÀû, °æÁ¦Àû ¿¬±¸°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù.
Esther Hee Lee
Pages 95-122
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Abstract ( Eng | Kor ) || PDF
- This paper attempts to shed light on whether innovations in stock and land prices have contributed to fluctuations in the Japanes economy. From a simple VAR model, the results suggest that land and stock prices are related to movements in real GDP, CPI, and the interest rate. We find that shocks to the stock price have more immediate impact on real GDP, Shock to the land price, which are strongly correlated to the stock market as a risk factor, have significantly impacts on CPI even the zero interest rate commitment. After bubble bursts, both prices were not found to have a significant interactino with interest rate.
- ºÎµ¿»ê°¡¿Í ÁÖ°¡ÀÇ º¯µ¿ÀÌ ÀϺ»°æÁ¦¿¡ ¹ÌÄ¡´Â ¿µÇâ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °íÂû
ÀÌÈñ¿ø(¿¡½º´õ)
º»°í´Â ºÎµ¿»ê°¡¿Í ÁÖ°¡°¡ ÀϺ»°æÁ¦¿Í ¿¬°üÀ» °¡Áö°í º¯µ¿ÇÏ´ÂÁö¸¦ °íÂûÇÏ¿´´Ù. VAR¸ðÇüÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿©, ºÎµ¿»ê°¡¿Í ÁÖ°¡´Â ½ÇÁú GDP, CIP, ÀÌÀÚÀ²°ú ¹ÐÁ¢ÇÑ °ü·ÃÀ» °¡Áö°í ¿òÁ÷Àδٴ »ç½ÇÀ» ¹ß°ßÇÏ¿´´Ù. ƯÈ÷, ÁÖ°¡ÀÇ º¯µ¿Àº ½ÇÁúGDPÀÇ º¯µ¿¿¡ Áï°¢ÀûÀÎ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¡¸ç, ºÎµ¿»ê°¡ÀÇ º¯µ¿Àº ÀϺ»ÀÇ zero interest commitmentÇÏ¿¡¼µµ CPIÀÇ º¯µ¿¿¡ Áß¿äÇÑ º¯¼ö·Î ÀÛ¿ëÇÔÀ» ¹àÇû´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ºÎµ¿»ê°¡¿Í ÁÖ°¡ÀÇ »óÈ£¿¬°ü¼ºµµ ¹ß°ßÇÏ¿´´Ù.
±×·¯³ª ÀϺ»°æÁ¦ÀÇ ¹öºíÀÌ ÅÍÁø ÈÄ¿¡´Â µÎ °¡°Ý ¸ðµÎ ÀÌÀÚÀ²°ú´Â Å« ¿¬°ü¼ºÀ» °®Áö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù.
¹Ú¹«È¯
Pages 123-174
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Abstract ( Eng | Kor ) || PDF
- The Effects of Pension Fund Asset Accumulation on National Savings
Muhwan Park
This paper aims to conduct an empirical study for the effects of pension saving measured as changes in the accumulated pension funds financial assets on national saving and derive implications related pension policies.
In line with this purpose, using various panel regression models constructed by a sample of 42 countries including 24 OECD and 18 non-OECD counutries over the 1980~2005 period. the effects of pension saving rate on national saving rate is analyzed. The empirical results suggests that the pension saving under the funded system has a statistically significant positive effect on national saving. In particular, the pension saving under the mandatory funded system countries does seem to be a robust driver of national saving in the sense that pension saving induces an increase of the national saving rate of 0.2~0.6 percentage points for additional one percentage point increase of pension saving. In contrast, national saving does seem to be negatively affected when pension saving is the resutl of the pay as you go system countries. but the estimated coefficient of pension saving rate has a statistically insignificant negative sign.
- º» ¿¬±¸´Â ¿¬±Ý±â±ÝÀÇ ±ÝÀ¶Àڻ갡ġº¯È·Î ÃøÁ¤ÇÑ ¿¬±ÝÀúÃàÀÌ ±¹¹ÎÀúÃà¿¡ ¹ÌÄ¡´Â È¿°ú¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ½ÇÁõºÐ¼®À» ¼öÇàÇÏ°í Á¤Ã¥Àû ½Ã»çÁ¡À» µµÃâÇϴµ¥ ±× ¸ñÀûÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ¿¡ µû¶ó OECD 23°³±¹ ¹× ºñ OECD 18°³±¹ µî 42°³±¹ 1980~2005³â ±â°£ÀÇ ÀÚ·á¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ±¸ÃàµÈ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ÆгÎȸ±Í¸ðÇüÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ¿¬±ÝÀúÃà·üÀÌ ±¹¹ÎÀúÃà·ü¿¡ ¹ÌÄ¡´Â È¿°ú¸¦ ºÐ¼®ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ½ÇÁõºÐ¼® °á°ú¸¦ º¸¸é, Àû¸³¹æ½Ä ¿¬±ÝÁ¦µµ¿¡¼ÀÇ ¿¬±ÝÀúÃàÀº ±¹¹ÎÀúÃà¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© Åë°èÀûÀ¸·Î À¯ÀÇÇÑ ¾ç(+)ÀÇ È¿°ú¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ƯÈ÷ °Á¦Àû Àû¸³¹æ½Ä ¿¬±ÝÁ¦µµ´Â ±¹°¡µéÀÇ °æ¿ì ¿¬±ÝÀúÃà·üÀÇ 1%p Áõ°¡´Â ±¹¹ÎÀúÃà·üÀ» 0.2~0.6%p Áõ°¡½ÃŲ´Ù´Â Á¡¿¡¼, ¿¬±ÝÀúÃàÀº ±¹¹ÎÀúÃàÀ» °ßÀÎÇÏ´Â ¿äÀÎÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³ª°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ¿Í´Â ´ëÁ¶ÀûÀ¸·Î ºÎ°ú¹æ½ÄÀÇ ¿¬±ÝÁ¦µµ ±¹°¡µéÀÇ °æ¿ì ¿¬±ÝÀúÃàÀº ±¹¹ÎÀúÃà¿¡ ºÎÁ¤ÀûÀÎ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¡´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸ÀÌÁö¸¸ ¿¬±ÝÀúÃà·üÀÇ ÃßÁ¤°è¼ö´Â Åë°èÀûÀ¸·Î À¯ÀÇÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â À½(-)ÀÇ ºÎÈ£¸¦ °¡Áö´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù.
The Korean Journal of Economics, Vol. 16, No. 1 (Spring 2009)